Suppose something happens that it was within your power to...

Suppose something happens that it was within your power to prevent? If you didn’t have malicious intent, was it still you fault? Does letting someone die when you know you had the capability of saving them in turn make you a murderer? All of these are questions that philosophical thinkers have tried to answer for centuries. The Doctrine of Acts and Omissions holds that it is morally worse to commit an act that brings about a bad event than it would be merely to allow the event to take place by not doing anything to prevent its occurrence. In essence, there is an intrinsic moral difference between acting and the failure to act. In some ways, we bear more responsibility for what comes about as a result of our doing something than for what†¦show more content†¦However, and important note is that even though motives are the same, they are extrinsic difference where the Doctrine speaks about intrinsic differences. Thus, active and passive euthanasia are morally equival ent and it is not worse to preform active rather than passive euthanasia. Suppose I want my baby nephew to die and I enter his bathroom with the intent of killing him. In scenario one, I consciously and intentionally hold his head under the water until he drowns to death. In the second scenario I walk in on him accidently slip and hit his head on the bathtub. He then goes unconscious and drowns under water. I watch as this happens, but I don’t make the small effort of picking up his head from under the water. These two actions may seem like they aren’t as morally taxing but since the intentions were the same from the get go, they are in fact morally equivalent and just as bad. In this case, the act of killing and the allowing the killing to occur are the same. A pragmatic example of this argument that may help convince you on why acting and failing to act are morally equivalent is in the world of dating. If someone is in a relationship with another person and wants to cheat, is the act of pursuing someone and sleeping with them is same as allowing one to seduce you and you stopping the act from occurring? The motives are the same in this case, and even if the motives were different, they are extrinsicShow MoreRelatedVampire Diaries61771 Words   |  248 PagesThirteenChapter Fourteen Chapter FifteenChapter Sixteen Are you having a good time? Elena asked. I am now. Stefan didnt say it, but Elena knew it was what he was thinking. She could see it in the way he stared at her. She had never been so sure of her power. Except that actually he didnt look as if he were having a good time; he looked stricken, in pain, as if he couldnt take one more minute of this. The band was starting up, a slow dance. He was still staring at her, drinking her in. 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Elementary English In Overcrowded Classes Education Essay Free Essays

string(219) " will be to find if there are differences in larning simple English for true novices in overcrowded categories, and if the application of 5 pedagogycal learning tecniques will better the learning acquisition procedure\." Learning Elementary English in Overcrowded Classes for True Beginners at Universidad Autonoma de Santo Domingo ( UASD ) . Santana, Isaias, 2010: The proposal, NOVA Southeastern University, Fischler School of Education and Human Services. Learning/Overcrowded Classes/Large Classes/ True Beginners/ False Beginners/Educational Research. We will write a custom essay sample on Elementary English In Overcrowded Classes Education Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now The intent of this survey will be to find if there are differences in larning simple English for true novices in overcrowded categories, and if the application of 5 pedagogycal learning tecniques will better the learning acquisition procedure. You read "Elementary English In Overcrowded Classes Education Essay" in category "Essay examples" This research will compare 2 set of groups of overcrowded schoolrooms ( experimental and traditional ) utilizing 5 learning tecniques with 2 groups of ideal categories in which the 5 learning techniques will be applied to see if there are a important difference in the learning procedure of true novices in overcrowded categories. Findingss will be based on standardised achievement trial of the method Standard that these pupils use in simple English categories at UASD. Table of Contentss Chapter 1: Introduction aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦ †¦ 4 Nature of the job aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦..aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦..aˆÂ ¦.4 Background and significance of the job aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦ †¦ aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦.aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦.5 Purpose of the survey aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦6 Research inquiries aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦..6 Null hypothesis aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦ †¦ aˆÂ ¦7 Hypothesis aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦..7 Definitions of termsaˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦.aˆÂ ¦..aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦..aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦7 Chapter 2: Reappraisal of the literature aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦..aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦..aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦ †¦ aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦ †¦ aˆÂ ¦.12 Surveies based on overcrowded categories aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦..aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦10 Negative effects of overcrowded classesaˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦ †¦ aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦10 Techniques to learn overcrowded categories aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦ †¦ aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦..14 Chapter 3: MethodologyaˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦ †¦ aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦ †¦ aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦ . 17 Participants aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦..aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦.aˆÂ ¦ 17 Instruments aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦..aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦.aˆÂ ¦ 17 Procedures aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦..aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦.aˆÂ ¦ . 17 Restrictions of the studyaˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦.aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦..aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦.aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦.19 Anticipated results aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦.aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦.aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦.aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦.19 Timeline aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦..aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦ . 19 Evaluation program aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦.aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦19 Implementation matrix aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦ †¦ aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦ †¦ aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦ †¦ .21 Mentions Chapter 1: Introduction Learning to pass on in English is of a great importance for the pupils of the modern linguistic communication calling at Universidad Autonoma de Santo Domingo ( UASD ) . However, the sum of pupils enrolled in the university is over 160, 000 which makes most of the classs to be overcrowded. This state of affairs goes to detriment of the acquisition procedure, specifically, in the simple degrees in which the pupils should hold on the footing to get the hang the linguistic communication. For that ground, it is required to look into the effects of overcrowded categories in the acquisition procedure to acquire feasible solutions to the teaching-learning procedure of the English linguistic communication in order to place learning techniques that help to better the proficiency of the pupils in simple English categories. Nature of the job Universidad Autonoma de Santo Domingo ( UASD ) is the public university of the Dominican Republic which has faced a encouragement in the registration of pupils every twelvemonth due to the fact that going a unmarried man or acquiring a unmarried man grade is the demand to acquire a nice occupation chance in the state. Therefore, pupils in the Dominican Republic at the minute of analyzing at the university degree have two ways. One is traveling to a private university, and the other 1 is traveling to the populace university which has a figure of features, such as prestigiousness, tradition, low tuition, and subdivisions around the state among other elements. These features make UASD really attractive for most Black friars at the minute of taking a university. As a consequence, the figure of pupils has increased over160, 000. This sum of pupils has been maintained from 2007 to 2009 harmonizing to the statistic office of the university. For this ground, the professors of the Languages D epartment have to work with categories from 30 to over 50 pupils. This fact has made the instruction procedure hard to manage, so this state of affairs is damaging for the teaching-learning procedure in the simple English degrees in which true novices struggle to hold on the minimal cognition of the English linguistic communication in order to go through the degree, but non to larn the linguistic communication decently. Therefore, the intent of this research will be to find the troubles in larning simple English in overcrowded categories for true novices at UASD ( Santo Domingo ) in order to implement learning techniques to better the acquisition procedure. Background and significance of the job UASD is the public university of the Dominican Republic which in 1966 changed its doctrine to an unfastened and critical university for the multitudes ( Cuello et al. , 2007 ) . This doctrine and the demand of acquiring a grade made the enrolment rate triple the sum of pupils from 1995 to 2004 ( Brea, 2004 ) . In the last three old ages, the university maintained the figure of pupils over 160,000 from the twelvemonth 2007 to 2009 harmonizing to the statistic office of this university. Universidad Autonoma de Santo Domingo Planning University Office Old ages 2007-1 2008-1 2009-1 Entire 166, 228 166, 603 166, 818 These Numberss represent the sum of the pupils in the first semesters of these old ages. As a consequence, the categories in the university have to be arranged over 50 pupils per subdivision harmonizing to the assignment plan of this university. The Languages Department is non the exclusion to this tendency of overcrowded categories ; so the simple English categories are allowed to be overcrowded which hampers the teaching-learning procedure of pupils. Harmonizing to Slavin ( 1989 ) showed that advantages of a decreased category size are more evident when the figure of pupils in the category was fewer than 20, ideally between 15 to 19. Therefore, this research will show that English Learners who are true novices at UASD ( Santo Domingo ) face troubles in larning English decently to use learning techniques to better the acquisition procedure. This research will be carried out with the Elementary English degrees of the modern linguistic communication calling at UASD, and the consequences will assist to understand the acquisition procedure that true novices face analyzing in overcrowded categories. Furthermore, this research will give possible solutions or penetrations to the Dominican Republic and other topographic points around the universe where the conditions are similar in order to better the teaching-learning procedure. Purpose of the survey The intent of this survey will be to find if there are differences in larning simple English for true novices in overcrowded categories, and if the application of 5 pedagogycal learning tecniques will better the learning acquisition procedure. Therefore, this survey will compare true novices in overcrowded traditional schoolrooms with true novices in overcroweded schoolrooms in which a set of predetermine learning techniques will be applied. These consequences will be compared with true novices in an ideal schoolrooms in which the same set of predetermine set of learning techniques will be applied to understad if the application of predetermine pedagogycal techniques will hold an impact in the teaching-learning procedure of true novices in overcrowded categories. Research inquiries 1. Is there a important difference in tonss between true novices in traditional overcrowded categories and true novices in overcrowded categories in which 5 pedagogical instruction techniques are applied? 2. How do true novices who are in traditional overcrowded categories score in comparing with pupils in ideal categories in which 5 pedagogical instruction teachniques are applied? 3. Is there a important difference in tonss between true novices in overcroweded categories in which 5 pedagogical instruction techniques are applied and true novices in ideal categories in which 5 pedagogical instruction techniques are applied? Null hypothesis There will be no important differences between the tonss of true novices in the intervention groups ( overcrowded and ideal categories ) and true novices of the control of the control groups ( traditional overcrowded categories ) after the intercession. Hypothesis There will be important differences between the tonss of true novices in the control groups ( traditional overcrowded categories ) and true novices in the intervention groups ( overcrowded and ideal categories ) after the intercession. Definitions of footings In this thesis will be used footings that need to be explained in order to avoid any uncertainties in the reading of this research. The followerss are: Learning. Though the old ages, many bookmans have given different definitions of the construct depending on their school of idea. In this research will be reviewed the most outstanding definitions in order to follow the definition of the construct that will be used throughout the research. The followerss definitions are: Harmonizing to Hoy and Miskel ( 2005 ) , the modern behavioural attack to larning merged from the scholarship of Skinner and his Followings. The behavioural attack defines larning as a changed in behavior brought approximately by experience with virtually no concern for the mental or internal procedures of think ( Hoy and Miskel, 2005, p41 ) . Therefore, in this school of idea can be perceived that larning alterations the behaviour of the pupils. Hoy and Miskel ( 2005 ) points out that the cognitive attack perceives larning as an active mental procedure of thought, acquisition, retrieving, making and job resolution. Therefore, this attack defines larning as an internal mental activity that can be observed straight through apprehension, retrieving and utilizing new information logically. The societal constructivist attack perceives larning as a procedure in which the pupils have to be actively involved to detect rules, constructs and facts for themselves, Hence, the importance of promoting guessing and intuitive thought in scholars ( Brown et al. 1989 ; Ackerman 1996 ) . Furthermore, other pedagogues in the constructivist field agree that people get intending thru the interactions among them and with the environment around them. For that ground, they believe that cognition is a merchandise built by human existences thru societal and cultural interaction ( Ernest 1991 ; Prawat and Floden 1994 ) In the constructive field, McMahon ( 1997 ) besides states that larning is a societal procedure. Besides, he says that larning non merely is developed in our heads, nor is it a inactive act of our behaviour formed by external forces. He extrongly believes that meaningful acquisition appears when human existences are involved in societal activities. Another point of position in the same dogma is stated by Vygotsky ( 1978 ) in which he besides highlighted the convergence of the societal and practical elements in acquisition by stating that the most important minute in the class of rational development occurs when address and practical activity, two antecedently wholly independent lines of development, converge. Therefore, through practical activity a kid constructs intending on an intrapersonal degree, while speech connects this significance with the interpersonal word shared by the kid and her/his civilization. The term acquisition can be viewed or defined depending on the point of position that is adopted for its reading. Other bookmans that have given a definition to this construct are: Woolfok ( 1999 ) , and Hoy and Miskel ( 2005 ) expresses that larning occurs when experience produces a comparatively lasting alteration in the person ‘s cognition or behaviour, alteration that can be deliberated or non, to acquire better or worse. Another definition is given by Brown ( 2000 ) who perceives this construct in a complex manner impossible to be summarized in a simple definition. Therefore, he shows each one of larning ‘s features, such as acquisition or acquiring, keeping of information or accomplishments, cognitive organisation, memory, witting focal point on and moving upon, comparatively lasting but capable to forgetting, reinforced pattern, and a alteration in behaviour. In this research, acquisition is understood to be a complex construct. However, the definition that will be taken along the probe is the one given by Hoy and Miskel ( 2005 ) in which they perceive that larning happens when experience produces a stable alteration in person ‘s cognition or behaviour. Overcrowded categories. This term is besides referred as big categories. For that ground, it will be defined utilizing the facts given in some articles: In an article online Paulsen ( 2006 ) shows the determination in which The Vancouver Secondary Teachers ‘ Association provinces that a schoolroom with more than 30 pupils is overcrowded. Therefore, it exceeds new provincial bounds. Another article in which the term overcrowded categories is used to show that a category with more than 25 is Overcrowded categories haltering Kerry childs ( 2008 ) in which a Killarney Town Council member, Sean O’Grady told: There is no maximal size for categories in Ireland but it should be reduced, as a affair of utmost urgency, to the European norm which is 25 per category and 15 per category where there is chronic disadvantage. In this research, it will be assumed that an ideal category is composed of less than 20 pupils as it was stated by Slavin ( 1989 ) . Therefore, it will be assumed that an overcrowded category is composed by more than 24 pupils in a schoolroom. False Beginners. There are many definitions of false novices which can give an thought of the construct. One of them is the definition given by Macmillan English Dictionary â€Å" false novices have some apprehension of the rudimentss of English, but they can non utilize it really good. They may give the feeling that they know small or nil of the linguistic communication † . Another bookman who gives a definition of this construct is Helgesen ( 1987 ) in which he states that false novices understand the footing of the linguistic communication and can be involved in activites which need some truth of the linguistic communication. However, they have limited accomplishments in the linguistic communication when they are involved in activites that need eloquence of the linguistic communication to be developed. Harmonizing to Richards, et Al. ( 1985 ) , false novices are pupils who have had some sort of direction in the linguistic communication, but they have developed limited linguistic communication proficiency. For that, ground, they have been classified at the get downing degree. False novice pupils can be compared with true novice pupils, as true novices do non hold any cognition of the linguistic communication to be studied. The term has besides been studied in Japan due to the large sum of pupils that they receive each term. Harmonizing to Peaty ( 1987 ) , false novices are those pupils that enter a university in Japan usually with a background of six old ages of school English based on the survey of grammar and interlingual rendition of sentences. However, the true novices have ne’er learned or have wholly forgotten. For that ground, this writer explains that false novice pupils in Japan knows a batch of English, so they can utilize this cognition to develop litsening and speech production accomplishments which were neglected at school. True novices The term true novice is defined in the MacMillan Dictionary as pupils who know perfectly nil about English and hold had small or no contact with the linguistic communication. Therefore, for this probe a true novice is the pupil that has non been exposed to the linguistic communication earlier. Chapter 2: Reappraisal of the Literature This research will analyse the effects of overcrowded categories in simple English degrees in the learning procedure of true novices. The subject of overcrowded categories is non new and it has appeared many articles around the universe which denounce the damaging effects in the teaching-learning procedure. However, a few surveies have been dedicated to analyse overcrowded categories. This reappraisal of the literature will be presented in two parts. The first portion will demo the surveies and articles based on overcrowded categories, and the 2nd portion will show techniques to learn overcrowded categories. Surveies on overcrowded categories Research has shown that the advantages of a decreased category size are more evident when the figure of pupils in the category was fewer than 20, ideally from 15 to 19. In a 1989 Slavin survey, categories of fewer than 20 pupils were compared to well larger categories, and pupils in both groups were comparable in demographics and educational ability. Therefore, Slavin ( 1989 ) found that decreased category size had a little positive consequence on pupils that did non prevail after their decreased category experience. Another research is the Tennessee ‘s Project STAR ( Student-Teacher Achievement Ratio ) spent four old ages looking at kindergarten, first- , second- , and third-grade schoolrooms, which began in 1985. STAR compared categories of 13 to 17 pupils with categories of 22 to 26 pupils. Participating instructors did non have any professional preparation on learning reduced-size categories, and were indiscriminately assigned to the categories. The survey included 79 schools, more than 300 schoolrooms and 7,000 pupils. The consequences of the experiment showed that pupils in the smaller categories outperformed those in the larger categories on both standardized and curriculum-based trials. This was true for white and minority pupils in smaller categories and for smaller category pupils from inner-city, urban, suburban, and rural schools. These consequences have besides been supported by Hanushek ( 1994 ) . In the United States, in 1999 Vice President Al Gore criticized the pattern of â€Å" crowding all pupils into overcrowded, factory manner high schools † and Education Secretary Richard Riley suggested cut downing school size to turn to issues of pupil disaffection. Riley told the National Press Club that the state needs to â€Å" make little, supportive acquisition environments that give pupils a sense of connexion. That ‘s difficult to make when we are constructing high schools the size of shopping promenades. Size affairs. † ( Gore and Riley cited in Mitchell, 2000, p.12 ) . Furthermore, Winerip ( 2003 ) in an article for the New York Times states that public schools opened in New York studies of widespread schoolroom overcrowding. Another article with denounces about this subject is written by Rezonable ( 2007 ) in which he mentions that the California State University is confronting jobs with overcrowded English categories for freshers every bit good as in Chicago where Chicago Public Schools have ordered all 595 of its schools to convey category sizes under control and the Chicago Teachers Union has vowed to look into herding ailments Dell ‘ Angela ( 2005 ) . The same state of affairs is stated in Ireland in an article of The Kingdom ( 2008 ) in Which Killarney Town Council member, Sean O’Grady, show that 20.5 per cent Kerry pupils learn in categories of 30 or more, in blunt contrast to European norm of merely 25 per category in countries of chronic dis-advantage. O’Grady has called for politicians in the county to take stock of where they stand in relation to category size and the status of the adjustment of the schoolroom. Furthermore, another article from Vancouver denounces troubles of larning in overcrowded categories. This article written by Paulsen ( 2006 ) shows that a survey finds 30,000 Vancouver pupils are in overcrowded categories. Negative effects of overcrowded categories There are many bookmans who have spoken about the negative effects of overcrowded categories on pupils ‘ academic public presentation, such as Snow ( 2000 ) in the McGill Tribune in which he expresses that harmonizing to his learning experience, in big, particularly overcrowded categories, pupils do non make every bit good as those in little categories. He besides states that pupils learn more in little categories and Markss tend to be better. However, in big categories, the lone thing a instructor can make is to talk. The instructor can non hold much treatment with pupils. Another article that mentions the negative consequence of overcrowded categories in California is The Crisis ( 2008 ) . This article states that pupils in overcrowded schools pay less attending, achieve less, and experience more force. Furthermore, Konare ( 1994 ) in the English Teaching Forum states that the first job concerns the existent engagement of all the pupils in the reading activities set by the instructor. What happens all excessively frequently in big ( overcrowded ) categories, when the replies to comprehension undertakings are given orally, is that the activity is dominated by a little minority of the best pupils. Most of the category does non even hold adequate clip to complete reading, allow entirely to explicate their replies, before the quick, bright, or pushful few are beckoning their weaponries about and coercing the gait of the lesson, forcing the instructor to name on them to reply. Furthermore, Konare ( 1994 ) states that the defeat of the weaker pupils causes them to choose out of more and more reading activities cognizing that they will non hold clip to finish them and most probably will non be asked to reply. Therefore, the spread between the few best pupils and the soundless bulk widens s teadily, even though the instructor is puting the right kind of undertakings to develop all the pupils in the reading procedure. The instructor may be cognizant that many pupils are non take parting, but the instructor may experience it is their mistake because of their degree. In add-on to the troubles mentioned above, Hughes ( 2006 ) in an article for the English Teaching Forum states that a well-known and relentless job with learning English as a Foreign Language ( EFL ) in overcrowded categories is the deficiency of resources, and that such conditions are an mundane world for many instructors around the universe. However, he found the challenges in Indonesia to be about overpowering. Finally, UNC Charlotte Faculty Center for Teaching ( 2000 ) lists the types of challenges to learn a big ( overcrowded ) category. These challenges are the followerss: 1. Paperwork which means that instructors have to look into assigments, grade tests, fix lesson programs, fix their categories, etc. 2. Deal with distractions in the schoolroom, such as pupils ‘ speaking, acquiring late, and go forthing early. 3. Learn pupils ‘ names in order to take attending, actuate them to take part in category, motivate pupils to make assigments on clip, 4. Lack of flexibleness in category activities at the minute of altering activities, making group work and actuating critical thought and composing accomplishments. 5. Divers pupils ‘ degrees and background. On the other manus, pupils in overcrowded categories besides experience of import challenges in their acquisition, particularly if they are new to the college experience. These include: 1. Trouble to understand wheather information is relevant. 2. Doubtful at the minute of inquiring inquiries and in some instances demoing deficiency of cognition. 3. Uncomfortable to be smart in forepart of schoolmates ( the swot expletive ) . 4. Trouble to pull off clip to analyze and miss of accomplishments necessary for success. 5. The usage of namelessness to dispute authorization and to force boundaries. Techniques to learn overcrowded categories Harmonizing to Duppenthaler ( 2000 ) overcrowded categories are non needfully something to fear. However, instructors face a figure of challenges, such as identifying pupils among several overcrowded categories at the same clip, supervising pupils ‘ single advancement, placing pupils ‘ single linguistic communication strengths and failings, being able to react to the pupils as persons, with involvements outside the schoolroom. Duppenthaler ( 2000 ) presents a manner to work out these challenges of big categories. Therefore, he has created exposure axial rotation cards which are a fluctuation on the standard axial rotation book, and they are really effectual in placing, monitoring, recording, and reacting to pupils. Therefore, they make larning and learning more effectual and more gratifying. UNC Charlotte Faculty Center for Teaching ( 2000 ) describes some options to utilize Technology in a assortment of ways in big or overcrowded categories. These options are the followerss: 1. To utilize power point or a similar plan to do presentations in category. This allows teacher to show lineations, and lists of cardinal constructs. 2. To utilize Excel or a similar plan to pull off category lists. 3. To fix a set up a category newsgroup or an electronic mail list ( through listserv ) , Students can inquire inquiries and acquire aid from other pupils. 4. To make a class web site that contains pattern jobs, replies to try test inquiries or prep, a glossary of footings, etc. 5. To make a searchable trial bank of inquiries ( utilizing FileMaker Pro, for illustration ) . This is particularly utile when you have to give multiple versions of the same inquiries. 6. To widen your office hours through electronic mail. 7. To give quizzes or trials. Chapter 3: Research Methodology Participants UASD is the public university of the Dominican Republic, and the figure of pupils from 2007 to 2009 is over 166,000 harmonizing to the statistics office of the university. This sum of pupils has made that most of the subdivisions in this university are overcrowded. Therefore, the linguistic communications section is non the exclusion to this tendency, so most of the subdivisions of Elementary English 1 have increased to 50 or more pupils per subdivision which hampers the learning learning procedure of these pupils. Another of import feature to this research is that the pupils in these English subdivisions are Dominicans, and many of them have small or no cognition of the English linguistic communication Instruments The information will be collected through a pre-test to find the degree of the pupils. This pre-test will demo whether the pupils are true or false novices whereas a post-test will be used to find the pupils ‘ degree at the terminal of the procedure which will demo whether there are troubles or non for the pupils who study under these conditions. These trials will be prepared by the research worker following the plan of the university for simple English 1. Procedures To find the effects of larning English in overcrowded categories, it will be prepared a quasi-experimental survey in which will be selected three groups composed of two subdivisions each. These groups will be called Group A, Group B, Group C. The first group or Group A will be composed of two subdivisions of overcrowded categories which will be taught in a traditional manner, and it will be given a pre-test to find the true and false novices. Finally, the post-test will bespeak how the true novices learn under this status. The 2nd group or Group B will be two subdivisions of overcrowded categories in which will be used the intervention or techniques to learn overcrowded categories. These two subdivisions will be given a pre-test to find the true and false novices, and a post-test to obtain the consequences of how the true novices learn under these techniques. The 3rd group or Group C will be two subdivisions of ideal categories composed from 15 to 20 pupils in which will be used the learning techniques chosen for Group B. These subdivisions will be given a pre-test to find which pupils are false and true novices. Finally, these subdivisions will have a post-test which will demo how the true novices learn under these learning techniques. Furthermore, all the groups will be observed and the research worker will non upset them while working, for their professors will give the pupils the pre-test and station trial, and the pupils will comprehend those tests as portion of the learning acquisition procedure. Another point for this research is that the techniques used in the experimental groups ( A and B ) will be chosen and explained by the research worker to the professors. Some of the techniques to be used are: A web log page in the cyberspace which allows the pupils to pattern the English linguistic communication. Radio and Cadmiums to work the lessons. Electronic mail to direct their prep to pattern short composing at the pupils ‘ degree. Movies for the pupils to place words and constructions at the pupils ‘ degree. Cooperative group work activities in category. Restrictions Some of the restraints that can be encountered are that the pupils at the minute of taking the pre-test are nervous and their mark will be different in footings of their cognition or that some of them miss the pre-test. Another issue can be that some of the pupils do non cognize how to utilize the cyberspace. Anticipated Results This research will demo the effects of larning simple English in overcrowded categories which will assist educational establishments and pedagogues in the Dominican Republic and around the universe in which the English linguistic communication is taught in similar conditions to form the simple English degrees to relieve the teaching-learning procedure of true novices. Timeline The construct paper will be presented every bit shortly as NOVA ‘s registration missive will be received that should be in August 2009. Thus, after the credence of the construct paper, the proposal will be submitted three month subsequently to the commission. For that ground, the proposal will be presented in January 2010. Once the proposal will be accepted which is hoped to be in September 2010. The applied thesis will be finished in May 2011. Evaluation program This research will be a quasi-experimental survey in which will be selected three groups composed of two subdivisions each. First, the professors will hold an debut workshop in which they will go acquainted with the intervention to be applied. In all the groups will be given a pre-test to find the pupils ‘ degree ( either true or false novices ) , and the professors of these groups will be in charge of giving the test to the pupils. After that, these informations will be analysed by the research worker. Then, the execution of the plan will be observed and notes will be taken during the execution face that will last 14 hebdomads. Furthermore, during the intercession, the professors will hold three workshops in which will be discussed subjects related to the techniques to be applied, possible alterations to the plan, and the professors ‘ perceptual experiences. Finally, the consequences will be collected with a station trial ; these informations will be analysed by the rese arch worker to finish successfully the applied thesis. Execution Matrix Time Terminal Aims Procedure Aims Activities Actor Evaluation First hebdomad 1st Workshop to the professors Learn and discourse the different techniques to be used The research worker Use a pre and station study to happen out the professors ‘ perceptual experience First hebdomad Determine the pupils ‘ degree ( true novices or false novices ) Give the stuff to the professor The professor a pre-test First hebdomad Determine the pupils ‘ degree ( true novices or false novices Quantify and sort the informations The research worker Use statistical methods- computing machine -programs-etc 1st -13th hebdomad Execution of the plan Use of web log page in the cyberspace which allows the pupils to pattern the English linguistic communication. Radio and Cadmiums to work the lessons. Electronic mail to direct their prep to pattern short composing at the pupils ‘ degree. Movies for the pupils to place words and constructions at the pupils ‘ degree. Cooperative group work activities The professor 1st to 13th hebdomad Determine the effects of larning simple English in overcrowded categories Determine the true novices ‘ public presentation in simple English degrees in overcrowded categories Execution of the plan Travel to the schoolrooms The research worker Take notes 4th hebdomad 2nd workshop to the Professors Discus about The professors ‘ experience and their thoughts about new techniques The research worker Use questionnaires to happen out the professors ‘ perceptual experiences 9th hebdomad 3rd workshop to the Professors Discus about The professors ‘ experience The research worker Take notes about professors ‘ perceptual experiences 13th hebdomad 4th workshop to the Professors Discus about The professors ‘ experience and hereafters programs utilizing the techniques implemented The research worker Take notes about instructors ‘ perceptual experiences 14th hebdomad Determine the consequences Give the station trial to the pupils The professor Post trial 14th hebdomad Determine the effects of larning simple English in overcrowded categories Determine the true novices ‘ public presentation in simple English degrees in overcrowded categories Determine the consequences and the informations will be contrasted among the groups Quantify and sort the informations The research worker Use statistical methods- computing machine -programs- etc How to cite Elementary English In Overcrowded Classes Education Essay, Essay examples

Professional Development and Capability †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Professional Development and Capability. Answer: Introduction: Type 1 Diabetes is a type of high blood sugar that is mostly leads to the destruction of cells that produce insulin in the pancreas, the beta cells (Johnston, Mitchell, Haythorne, Pessoa, Semplici, Ferrer, Piemonti, Marchetti, Bugliani, Bosco and Berishvili, 2016). This disturbance is mostly found in young adults and children. Once the cells are destroyed, insulin production is affected and less or no insulin is produced. This affects the uptake of glucose by the cells from blood, hence glucose accumulates in blood leading to high blood sugar finding during a random blood sugar test. This glucose can sip into the urine leading to presence of glucose in urine. Since the cells and tissues do not get enough glucose for metabolism processes, this leads to breakdown of muscle to provide protein energy as a substitute for metabolism processes, this is the reason for weight loss for people with type 1 diabetes (Zaccardi, Webb, Yates and Davies, 2015). Type 1 diabetes presents with symptoms of polyphagia, increased urination and polydipsia. Since the tissues do not receive get enough glucose, one is always hungry, a hunger that does not go away after eating. The hypothalamus is stimulated to perceive hunger continuously due to the tissues deprived of energy, a condition referred to as polyphagia. Due to the increased concentration of glucose in urine, the osmotic gradient in the urine is high and water follows a concentration gradient, therefore a lot of urine is excreted leaving a person dehydrated, this is called polyuria. This triggers an excessive feeling of thirst and the person drinks a lot of water. A condition referred to as polydipsia. Type one can be stabilized with insulin. The person can lead a normal life as long as he gets insulin solution. Tony has been prescribed with insulin Aspart a fast acting insulin and insulin glargine flexipen a long acting insulin. Tony and his family should be educated on the following; Time-course formulation include; fast, intermediate and long-acting insulin (Lamalle, Servais, Radermecker, Crommen, J. and Fillet, M., 2015). Fast acting insulin gets assimilated very fast from the fatty tissue of the skin into the blood and controls blood glucose during meals and when taking snacks. It comprises of rapid acting insulin that is absorbed and initial action is after 5-15 minutes of inoculation and duration of action pinnacles at two hours and lasts up to six hours. The other type is Rapid human insulin that has an initial action after two hours which peaks after 2-4 hours and the duration of action can last up to eight hours. Long acting insulin is assimilated slowly, peaks, and stabilizes over a long period of time. it comprises of analogs insulin Detemir and Glargine. Onset of action is after two hours and the duration of action levels for about 24 hours. Rapid and short acting insulin appears clear in colour and placed in containers. Intermediate acting insulin, NPH is cloudy in appearance while long acting types are clear. Basal insulin is the one needed maintain normal blood glucose during fasting in between meals, bolus insulin is taken before or immediately after meals to prevent hyperglycemic episodes. The principles underpinning the basal-bolus regime include the facts that insulin Aspart is taken before meals because its fast acting nd maintains normal blood glucose after meals while the insulin glargine controls the level of glucose released to blood when one is fasting thus mimicking normal body function. This regime ensures an individual is close to normal function. Tony is required to have practical skills and knowledge on self-administration of insulin. This will encourage independency (Daniel, Takatori, Fiore, Neto, Pavin, Minicucci and Parisi, 2015). Tony ought to be educated on the nature of his condition, the reason for the symptoms and the importance of insulin to his body, having understood why he needs insulin, he then should be educated on the procedure, precautions and monitoring of progress. Tony needs insulin to relieve the symptoms and lead a normal life. The insulin administered mimics the body insulin. Insulin is administered subcutaneously using a needle. He should be able to monitor the blood sugar oftenly and document the findings for reference and consult. In case of any fluctuations of blood sugar, he should be able to visit a physician. Tony should be aware of the safety measures of proper disposal of the needle after use. He should have a sharps bin nearby for proper disposal. Tony should be aware of the injection skills, the measurement of blood glucose and the dosage to administer. Insulin is a hormone produced by the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas. Its main function is to lower blood glucose levels to normal ranges. It works antagonizing effects of glucagon. In conditions where the cells are destroyed and cannot produce insulin, artificial insulin formulations are administered to an individual. Once administered, the insulin is absorbed to the blood stream (Czech, Wang and Seki, 2018). Once in the blood stream, the action begins. Insulin attaches itself to call receptors and enhances facilitated diffusion of glucose into the cells where it is immediately converted to gluvose-6-phosphate hence maintaining a concentration gradient for glucose influx. This will in turn reduce blood glucose level. Insulin facilitates the storage of glucose as glycogen in the cells or its conversion to fatty acids hence the ultimate effect of lowering blood glucose. Taking objective tests is necessary to assess the prognosis and stability of the patient. The objective tests to assess if Tony is stable are; Glycated hemoglobin levels, fasting and random blood sugar levels. Glycated hemoglobin reveals the level of glucose for up to the past twelve weeks, this can show the fluctuation of the glucose levels hence point out the stability of patient (Amreen, Suneel, Shetty, Vasudeva and Kumar, 2018). Random blood sugar testing helps determine if the dosage is sufficient and can help adjust and it also points out how the body responds after meals to assess the condition of the patient. Fasting blood sugar is taken after a patient has fasted, mainly in the morning after whole night fast. It helps determine how the body is managing the blood glucose hence gives light on whether the patients metabolism is stable or not (Khandouzi, Shidfar, Rajab, Rahideh, Hosseini and Taheri, 2015). Hypoglycemia possibly due to inadequate carbohydrate intake- Tony had a hypoglycemic attack immediately after taking a glass of juice, this shows that the juice had inadequate intake of the carbohydrate as compared to the insulin dose he is taking (Smith, Wilson, Karl, Austin, Bukhari, Pasiakos ... Lieberman, 2016) Hyperglycemia possibly related to excessive carbohydrate intake- Tony is a teenager and mostly takes junk food. Due to the condition, Tony has polyphagia this leads to lots of consumption of carbohydrates leading to hyperglycemia. My goal towards Tonys blood sugar level is to ensure that the level of blood sugar is maintained within normal ranges. In addressing his knowledge deficit, my goals will be; to ensure Tony demonstrates understanding of the nature of disease, to ensure tony is educated on the treatment options and why they are important, to ensure patient demonstrates understanding on how to administer the treatment regime and adhere to it stating the importance of adherence, to ensure Tony demonstrates understanding and willingness towards the adjustment in diet and is ware of the danger signs and complications of the disease (Luke and Richards, 2018). In an event where Tonys blood sugar is less than 3.5mmol/L but he is conscious, my intervention will be giving him a fast acting oral carbohydrate such as glucose or fresh juice. After a period of 15 minutes, I will repeat a glucose test to assess the levels, if still low I will give a snack again three times whereby in case where it fails, I consult physician to consider IV glucose infusion (Cryer, 2016). The rationale of giving a snack is; the snack will be digested, converted to glucose and absorbed to the bloodstream to correct the low blood sugar levels to be absorbed to tissues for metabolism. Repeating of the blood glucose test is to evaluate and re plan in case the intervention fails. In an event where Tonys blood sugar is below 3.5mmol/L and he has lost consciousness, I will position him on the lateral side, administer 10% of IV glucose and consult a physician. Positioning a patient who is unconscious in necessary so as to enable maintain an open airway for proper gaseous exchange (Patti, Li and Goldfine, 2015). IV glucose is fast acting and is infused into the blood raising blood sugar levels, it is readily absorbed by tissues for metabolism purposes. Consultation with physician is necessary in order to assess any complication and collaboratively work towards best patient care. Ethical values are; maintaining privacy and confidentiality, fairness and just in patient care. the standards of practice are; the standards of practice are; therapeutic and professional relationship and developing a plan for nursing practice. In taking care of Tony, privacy and confidentiality is necessary. This boosts patients trust in the nurse and may lead to Tony to be cooperative in the management hence positive prognosis. Patients should be treated fairly regardless of the social status. Fair and just treatment boosts the patient trust in the facility and promotes openness of the patient in giving history which is a key factor in the management and adherence to treatment. This promotes smooth stay with the patient and collaboration from relatives through the hospital stay till discharge (Skela-Savi? and Kiger, 2015). In nursing the standards of practice are important to ensure quality and professional standards of care. Therapeutic and professional relationship between the nurse and Tony is necessary. This will build trust and smooth stay during hospitalization. During the discharge the nurse establishes a plan of referral to the nearby facility for followup. In the case of Tony, the nurse will ensure Tony receives the best care and is comfortable (Harper, and Maloney, 2016). The nurse is responsible in the daily care, education, investigation and planning of discharge. Patient care requires the nurse to plan for the nursing practice. The nurse plans on the patients medication, discharge and clearance from the hospital and explains the procedures to the patient.This is necessary to promote quick recovery of Tony and discharge home and refer to nearby clinic for blood sugar monitoring. Psychosocial factors refer to the psychological factors and the social factors that affects ones ability to function (Walker, Gebregziabher, Martin-Harris and Egede, 2015). Psychological factors include stress, hostility, depression and hopelessness. Social factors include, income, social status, culture, customs and beliefs. There are factors that can directly or indirectly affect the participation of Tony in his care and his interaction. in a case where Tony is under normal life stressors, the blood glucose spikes and he might be preoccupied to remember to maintain his diet or consult clinicians. Depressed teenagers pick the introvert nature (Asmat, Abad and Ismail, 2016).This is a stage where they may lose hope in life and he may not adhere to the insulin regime as per the doctors instructions. In this state, the interaction between Tony and medical team is affected as he may not be willing to communicate or express his feelings. A calm mind and stress free situation encourages To ny to adhere to self-care and adherence to drugs and promotes good patient-professional relationship (Capoccia, Degaru and Letassy, 2016). Socially, a low family income of Tony may affect his hospital visitation and he might lack the resources required in the management of diabetes. As they struggle to curb the condition, they may not be able to cater for the insulin required regularly and the regular hospital checks required. This affects his adherence no matter how willing he is to adhere. The lack of resources affects the interaction with professionals since he wont be able to visit the hospital (Silverman, Krieger, Kiefer, Hebert, Robinson and Nelson, 2015). A good family income is a source of motivation towards good health. Sufficient family income will enable them afford all doses and adhere to hospital visits. The family social status is key when it comes to treatment. A low social status is subject to discrimination in terms of care in the society at large. If Tony feels discriminated, he may be discouraged and withdrawn. This demotivates him and the drive for self-care is reduced (Walker et al., 2015). A high s ocial status attracts respect and better handling and interaction from the society including medical practitioners. culture, customs and beliefs affects ones health seeking behaviour (Patel, Stone, McDonough, Davies, Khunti and Eborall, 2015). Some communities may look down on people with chronic conditions and in this setting, Tony may feel alienated and this leads to depression and withdrawal from the people who suit assistance. In the isolated sector, Tony may not stand up and seek medication or visit and interact with medical professionals as it feels shame (Gonzalez, Tanenbaum and Commissariat, 2016). Favourable cultures and beliefs act as source of encouragement to health seeking and medical consultations this fosters interactions. Family relations affect the health seeking behaviour as family is the source of support and income. After the diagnosis of chronic condition, family enters a grieving process (Rebolledo and Arellano, 2016). A family that accepts and sticks together will help Tony with the resources and emotional support to adhere to treatment, a family that scatters due to depression ill affect negatively the adherence and interaction between Tony and medical professionals. In my future practice, I will take various actions I have learnt from the case of Tony. I will handle a patient holistically; emotional, psychologically, socially, physically and mentally. This will give me a clear understanding of my patient in order to address issues that may affect treatment directly or indirectly. I will educate my patients widely on the condition they have creating trust and understanding to promote openness and adherence. I will involve the relatives of the patient actively in the care to promote emotional support. I will ensure patient centered care since each patient is unique. References Amreen, S., Suneel, A., Shetty, A., Vasudeva, A. and Kumar, P., 2018. 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A new mechanism of action of glucagon?like peptide?1 agonist in hepatic steatosis: Promotion of hepatic insulin clearance through induction of carcinoembryonic antigen?related cell adhesion molecule 1.Hepatology Communications,2(1), pp.9-12. Daniel, K.B., Takatori, K.S., Fiore, A.R., Neto, A.M., Pavin, E.J., Minicucci, W.J. and Parisi, M.C.R., 2015, December. Evaluation of the insulin administration technique in a tertiary hospital. InDiabetology metabolic syndrome(Vol. 7, No. 1, p. A176). BioMed Central. Gonzalez, J.S., Tanenbaum, M.L. and Commissariat, P.V., 2016. Psychosocial factors in medication adherence and diabetes self-management: implications for research and practice.American Psychologist,71(7), p.539. Harper, M.G. and Maloney, P. eds., 2016.Nursing professional development: Scope and standards of practice. Association for Nursing Professional Development Johnston, N.R., Mitchell, R.K., Haythorne, E., Pessoa, M.P., Semplici, F., Ferrer, J., Piemonti, L., Marchetti, P., Bugliani, M., Bosco, D. and Berishvili, E., 2016. Beta cell hubs dictate pancreatic islet responses to glucose.Cell metabolism,24(3), pp.389-401. Khandouzi, N., Shidfar, F., Rajab, A., Rahideh, T., Hosseini, P. and Taheri, M.M., 2015. The effects of ginger on fasting blood sugar, hemoglobin A1c, apolipoprotein B, apolipoprotein AI and malondialdehyde in type 2 diabetic patients.Iranian journal of pharmaceutical research: IJPR,14(1), p.131. Lamalle, C., Servais, A.C., Radermecker, R.P., Crommen, J. and Fillet, M., 2015. Simultaneous determination of insulin and its analogues in pharmaceutical formulations by micellar electrokinetic chromatography.Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis,111, pp.344-350. Luke, S.L. and Richards, L., 2018. Motivational Interviewing: A Tool to Open Dialogue With Teens With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.Journal of pediatric nursing. Patel, N., Stone, M.A., McDonough, C., Davies, M.J., Khunti, K. and Eborall, H., 2015. Concerns and perceptions about necessity in relation to insulin therapy in an ethnically diverse UK population with type 2 diabetes: a qualitative study focusing mainly on people of South Asian origin.Diabetic Medicine,32(5), pp.635-644. Patti, M.E., Li, P. and Goldfine, A.B., 2015. Insulin response to oral stimuli and glucose effectiveness increased in neuroglycopenia following gastric bypass. Obesity, 23(4), pp.798-807. Raziani, F., Tholstrup, T., Kristensen, M. D., Svanegaard, M. L., Ritz, C., Astrup, A., Raben, A. (2016). High intake of regular-fat cheese compared with reduced-fat cheese does not affect LDL cholesterol or risk markers of the metabolic syndrome: a randomized controlled trial, 2.The American journal of clinical nutrition,104(4), 973-981. Rebolledo, J.A. and Arellano, R., 2016. Cultural Differences and Considerations When Initiating Insulin.Diabetes Spectrum,29(3), pp.185-190. Silverman, J., Krieger, J., Kiefer, M., Hebert, P., Robinson, J. and Nelson, K., 2015. The relationship between food insecurity and depression, diabetes distress and medication adherence among low-income patients with poorly-controlled diabetes.Journal of general internal medicine,30(10), pp.1476-1480. Skela-Savi?, B. and Kiger, A., 2015. Self-assessment of clinical nurse mentors as dimensions of professional development and the capability of developing ethical values at nursing students: A correlational research study.Nurse education today,35(10), pp.1044-1051. Smith, T. J., Wilson, M. A., Karl, J. P., Austin, K., Bukhari, A., Pasiakos, S. M., ... Lieberman, H. R. (2016). Interstitial glucose concentrations and hypoglycemia during 2 days of caloric deficit and sustained exercise: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.Journal of Applied Physiology,121(5), 1208-1216. Walker, R.J., Gebregziabher, M., Martin-Harris, B. and Egede, L.E., 2015. Understanding the influence of psychological and socioeconomic factors on diabetes self-care using structured equation modeling.Patient education and counseling,98(1), pp.34-40. Walker, R.J., Gebregziabher, M., Martin-Harris, B. and Egede, L.E., 2015. Quantifying direct effects of social determinants of health on glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes.Diabetes technology therapeutics,17(2), pp.80-87. Zaccardi, F., Webb, D.R., Yates, T. and Davies, M.J., 2015. Pathophysiology of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a 90-year perspective.Postgraduate medical journal, pp.postgradmedj-2015.

Saving Private Ryan Movie Review

Steven Spielberg is one of the most unique and genius film directors and screenwriters all over the world. His works usually arouse so much admiration and respect, and numerous awards and public’s recognition may serve as one of the best proofs of his professionalism. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Saving Private Ryan: specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Saving Private Ryan is his fascinating work about the events during World War II, about courage, friendship, and respect, about love and devotion, devotion to own duties, faith, and people. A war is the time, when people stop appreciating money, fashion, and proper food. It is the time, when only someone’s life and death turn out to be important. This is what Spielberg wants to present in his movie, this is what should be taken into consideration and analyzed. Saving Private Ryan is a brilliant movie about the war and people in it; a true story of l ife, created by Steven Spielberg; a piece of art that awakes the kindest feelings and emotions. Saving Private Ryan opens with an emotionally-colored scene, when one old veteran visits the cemetery in order give honors all soldiers, who gave their lives for freedom, peace, and other people’s lives. This veteran falls into his knees and start crying: these emotions and these tears demonstrate how dear all those people for him are, how significant their actions were, how proud he is now. Now, it is high tome to see what has happened to this old man and whose all those graves are. It is 6 June 1944. It is a beginning of the story, when a squad of solders under the command of Capt. John H. Miller (Tom Hanks) fights for their future and for the future of their families. It is the war: so much blood, so many tears, and so many deaths. People know that this war takes lots of lives, however, each loss is something personal and something terrible. Saving Private Ryan is the story of how John Miller gets an order to save young Ryan, the only alive son of a mother. The team of John Miller has to overcome numerous battles in order to find out this one young man and get him back to his mother. Each meeting with the enemies takes the life of one of Miller’s soldiers. These people die to save another person, whom they never know and never meet. It is too hard to lose people in the only one name – Private Ryan. Miller hates this boy, but has nothing to do – his aim is to save him and allow his mother see her son once again. When Miller finally finds Ryan, this young man does not want to leave his squad: â€Å"These guys deserve to go home as much as I do. Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More They’ve fought just as hard† (Saving Private Ryan). The end of the movie is tragic indeed: the team, who is sent to save Pr. Ryan, is killed. Ca pt. John Miller dies, but completes his task – he saves Ryan, a person, who will come to Miller’s grave in order to introduce his family and salute his friends, who saved him one day. War times always cause tears, grief, and pity. People fight in order to be free, to be heard, and to be understood. Of course, these people achieve their purposes, the wars are won, and the freedom is got. However, the lives of people, both young and old, cannot be returned. This is the most terrible thing about any war. Steven Spielberg makes a wonderful attempt to represent several war issues and explain what people feel during the war. Soldiers face numerous battles day by day: some of them die, some of them get injuries, and some of them feel that they are not too brave to be soldiers and fight for someone’s lives and future. With the help of this movie, people get a chance to comprehend that even all those terrible times of war did not deprive soldiers from the abilities to be brave, honest, and humane. There are so many duties, people should complete during the war in order to create a proper system and win. If one person makes something wrong, it is quite possible to fail and lose everything, and even put under a terrible threat the others. Spielberg does not afraid to focus on pain: war will never be kind, and people should know it in order not to provoke it once again. Suffering, pain, and loss – this is all about war. It is too hard for an ordinary person to accept such cruel reality and not to lose own personality. This is why we should try to do everything possible to live in peace and think about safe future. Saving Private Ryan is a perfect work by Steven Spielberg that tells about best human qualities, people’s responsibility, friendship, and care. John Miller is one of the brightest examples of great leaders and just a good person, who knows how to improve this life and help other people achieve safe future. This story touches many people; it learns how to be worthy of this world and appreciate every minute of this life. Works Cited Saving Private Ryan. Dir. Steven Spielberg. Perf. Tom Hanks, Matt Damon, Tom Sizemore, and Edward Burns. DreamWorks. Paramount Pictures, 1998.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Saving Private Ryan: specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This essay on Saving Private Ryan: was written and submitted by user Eden Albert to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Homogenizing The Homosexual Essays - Same-sex Sexuality, Free Essays

Homogenizing The Homosexual Essays - Same-sex Sexuality, Free Essays Homogenizing The Homosexual On a hot June night in 1969 the sexual discourses of theology, law and psychology encountered resistance so strong that millions of lives were changed. In a small gay bar in New York, the regulars, an eclectic mix of drag queens, transexuals, effeminate men and butch women, offered up the most visible resistance ever witnessed to the relentless exercising of public power on their private lives. The three-day street riot, began by Stonewall patrons, spilled onto the front pages and television screens of a nation. The exposure placed the queen, queer and dyke in the living rooms, kitchens and supermarkets of straight America. The resistance of gays to the external and internal subjectification of themselves as sinners, sodomites and psychopaths began. Before this seminal event, gays were known, but their lives operated in the back streets and alleyways of urban life. They were invisible to mainstream North Americans and expected to stay in the shadows where their deviant bodies belonged. The patrons of the Stonewall bar lived at the precipice of gay life. Their adoption of cross dressing was an affront to prevailing sexual norms. Women in suits and men in scarves and chiffon were the most identifiable of deviants and they relished their disobedience. Strutting through urban nights they gleefully thumbed their noses at the heterosexual world. They embraced every stereotype and took the constitution of the gay subject to extremes. The visibility of these men and women made them easy targets for random displays of force by police. Haphazard attacks on gay bars and clubs instilled fear of the unknown. The visible cared little about the repercussions of these raids for they had nothing to lose. For this they were shunned by their gay brethren who viewed them as circus sideshow freaks. These queens, queers and dykes were dangerous. Their openness put average gays at risk. The physical and verbal abuse by police, abandonment by families and lack of social opportunity experience by the most identifiable queers kept most of North Americas gays firmly underground. Under the guises of religion, law and science, power was being exercised to keep gays marginalized and hidden. Most happily acquiesced. With the fear of verbal, physical or social reprisals looming large, they became prisoners of their own making in Michel Foucaults vision of panoptic power. Invisible gays continually surveyed themselves for any outward signs of their sin that would lead to public detection. With only the images and words of repressive discourses to constitute themselves, the invisible queers, internalized disgust and spent their lives under constant self-surveillance. These stifling conditions ignited the need for the relation of power between straights and gays to shift focus. Near domination and the excessive uses of force were producing an entropic situation in need of diversion to a more productive state. Stonewall provided the necessary response. Three nights of fighting, shouting and revelry that confounded police commanded the immediate attention of heterosexuals everywhere. More importantly it garnered the freaks the respect and admiration of the millions of silent women and men across North America. For gays, a movement was being born and a new, more productive power structure was emerging. In the aftermath of Stonewall, many gays felt empowered to go public and change the repressive statutes that governed their lives. Collectively, the truth that they were not deviants to be beaten, souls to be saved or in need of psychiatry materialized. Nothing was wrong with their psychological or spiritual states. Claims of normalcy were becoming self evident through the eyes of the new scientific discourse of biology. No blame was to be laid nor pity bestowed, nature had made them. The prescience of this biological discourse laid the fertile ground for the exercising of Foucaults bio power upon the gay subject. The reduction of fear and militancy generated by the rioters helped to usher in the ascent of bio power. By giving gays the courage, legitimacy and collective will to move out of the shadows, Stonewalls riots gave bio power access to the private lives of gays. If their sexual nature was blameless then remaining cloaked kept them from participating as productive social beings. Out in the open bio power could classify, subjectify, survey and normalize the modern gay. To produce

Book Report on Rick Riordans The Battle of The Labyrinth

In half Human Camp, semi-god has nothing more than danger. Percy Jackson is the son of Poseidon, the mother of those who escape death. He attends summer camp every summer. When old rival Luke discovers the power of the maze, Percy and his friend Cyberg's Anabel and Tyson have to get off the maze. Before Luca, they had to find the maze, creator of Daedalus. In addition, Rick Ridan's wonderful writing and wording adventure novel The Battle of the Maze is an important complement to this series of books directly related to Greek mythology. A non-standard book by Rick Riordan, an unusual pandava quartet by Rick Riordan. Apollo mentioned Indra, but Dionysus said he had fought with Brama in the past, but I did not know if the following applies to them outside the Pandawa Quartet. They are different from other semi-gods. Some of them have gods / goddesses as father / mothers and humans as other parents. But Pandavas is a reincarnated version of the Pandava brothers in particular. They do not have God as their literal parents, but God helped to create their souls. But these are just Pandawa, the other half of Hinduism is customary. Percy Jackson and Olympic athletes are a series of fantasy / adventure stories by Rick Riordan published by the Disney Hyperion book for children. There are five books in the series. Lightning Thief, the sea of ​​the monsters, the curse of Titan, the battle of the maze, and the final Olympics. The series started in The Lightning Thief in 2005 and ended in The Last Olympian in 2009. These books speak the story of the son of 12 year old Percy Jackson and Poseidon. Percy and friends Grover and Anabes have to accept his tradition and help to prevent the huge Cronos from getting too much power.

Structure of an Organization of Bank of Canada Essay - 1

Structure of an Organization of Bank of Canada - Essay Example This paper illustrates that most of the organizations’ structure tends to be quite flexible and easy to manage for the day to day business. However, large organizations in majority of times become bureaucratic and tend not to be flexible enough in order to deal with the challenges of the contemporary day business. The most significant point to consider is that the structure of the organization needs to permit it to fulfill its objectives and also needs to ensure that the structure fits with the business environment in which it works. The range of organizational structures are the ‘entrepreneurial structures’, the ‘product-based structures’, the ‘function-based structures’, the ‘divisional structures’, the ‘matrix structures’, and the ‘holding company structures’. The bank is observed to present the financial services that are generally diversified in nature. The various business segments of the compa ny are wealth management, international banking, capital markets, Canadian banking and insurance. The chart presented below is the three-level organizational chart of Royal Bank of Canada. It can be stated that the board of RBC has an independent chairman. There are 16 directors who are associated with the organization independently and there are two executive directors. The term departmentalization can be understood as the process whereby the tasks are grouped into departments. Five basic methods of grouping the activities are followed; they are ‘departmentalization by-product, departmentalization by the process, departmentalization by customers, departmentalization by geographical regions and departmentalization by function’. In the organizational structure, it is the jobs that are the most significant factors. The primary managerial decision is job design in the organizing function. Those jobs are generally assigned to the individuals that consist of the objectives a s well as the specialized task of the organization. It is worth mentioning that the overall task of the organization cannot be assigned to a single person. For instance, the bank may consist of numerous individuals. However, it is not possible for the single individual to take the responsibility of the entire task. A few may take the responsibility of taking deposits while others may be assigned the task of the granting loans.

Carrer management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Carrer management - Essay Example With my psychometric result, I have further explored that ESFJs also have the quality to take good care of things that are in their custody (Butt 2009). They are excellent protectors and can gain remarkable achievements in education and medical field. Functional analysis of ESFJs shows that they have extraverted feelings and they are talented enough to adapt to new environments quickly, most specifically they have command over e-world gadgets and systems (Cazenovia 2012). In addition, they can easily express a variety of feelings in front of others and mostly they are motivated or de-motivated with others response towards their thoughts and actions. Further, it has been noticed that ESFJ are usually career oriented people and they do have passion to do something remarkable in the aspect of academic or professional ground. Additionally, they seek interesting as well as satisfying careers and to do this they work with deep concentration and intend to attempt all processes in a thoughtf ul manner. Competitive partner or environment works as a catalyst for them because they always possess passion to defeat all their enemies and competitors and in order to achieve this purpose they can do anything, which is possible and accessible. Personal swot analysis illustrates my strengths, followed by my weaknesses, then opportunities, which will assist me during my journey towards goals and the threats that might be a barrier in the path towards my objective. My biggest strength is that I am a business management undergraduate student at PSB institute and I am only a few steps away from my completing my degree. I know it is my greatest strength and it will help me in the near future to take initiative in the business world (Psni 2012). I am very passionate about my career and I am confident that my talent, skills, and willingness to achieve my

Choosing the Right Cell Phone Essay Example for Free

Choosing the Right Cell Phone Essay Consumer Reports assert â€Å"cell phones are evolving to allow faster texting, Web surfing, GPS navigation, and social networking while keeping up with their day job—voice calling† (Consumer Reports, n.d.). When walking out the door this morning the average person picked up three things; a wallet or purse, their car keys, and their cell phone. The cell phone, though often taken for granted has become a form of life support to many. Before just rushing out to purchase the latest and greatest here is what consumers should know before purchasing their next cell phone. Take the time to prepare and review before going out to purchase a phone. Many often take the word of a salesman they do not even know to decide what is best for them or let a commercial convince them of what device and service they should choose. Picking the wrong cell phone and plan can cost a large amount of money. Everyone has probably made a purchase, and then gotten their next bill to find they were totally surprised. To begin the search for the perfect cell phone one should start with what type of phone he or she is looking for. Would a non-flip (candy bar style phone) or a traditional flip phone (clam shell) better suite their needs? Flip phones had been the choice for most throughout the years but candy bar phones are making a come back with touch screens such as Droids and iPhones. If the phone will be spending a lot of time in ones purse or pocket, one may want to consider a flip phone to avoid unnecessarily scratching the screen and random dialing. If one is looking for a PDA and fully functional QWERTY keypad then a candy bar phone would be the best choice. One should also decide if he or she prefers a touch screen, a standard keyboard, or a QWERTY keyboard when making the decision on they style of phone that is best for them. After deciding the style of phone next one should consider what technology they need in a phone. Do they need text, Internet, e-mail, GPS navigation, walkie-talkie, apps, international service, or just voice calling? There are so many options and possibilities that can make one feel overwhelmed during this process. This can be avoided by doing the proper research ahead of time. The fast pace of today makes email on the go a necessity for most. If needing e-mail one should not pick a phone that is not Internet ready, and may want to consider a full QWERTY keyboard for faster composing of e-mails. Another feature available is walkie-talkie if this is something that was of interest; he or she would want to make sure that is a feature the phone offers. The majority of phones can call out internationally, but if one needs to use the phone abroad he or she would want to check to make sure the phone is world compatible. If voice calling is all one needs it does not make much sense to buy a phone with all the extra bells and whistles. If apps are needed, one might choose an Android or an iPhone because these phones offer the largest selection of apps available. In figure 1.A, based on the latest and greatest technology out today, here is a list of the top three mobile phones. All three of these phones have full access to the Android Market, and are the same in price with a qualified upgrade or new customer pricing. Now that one has decided on the style of phone and what features are needed he or she will make one of the most important decisions in this process. Before deciding on a specific phone one must choose a network. In the past it was easier to choose a network/provider because only one company generally covered a certain area. Providers now have nation-wide networks, and the major companies Sprint, ATT, T-Mobile and Verizon cover almost all areas; making this decision a challenging one. When choosing the right service one should take advantage of the 30-day trial offers that most providers offer to new customers. With taking advantage of the trial one can use the phone in areas he or she would normally be in to make sure service is sufficient. This gives them the ability to make sure it will work in their home, office and see if there are any dead spots in their area. This will allow them to determine if this service provider will be beneficial for their needs before being held to a two and with some providers a three-year commitment. The 30-day trial also pertains to equipment, so if one is not happy with the phone he or she can take it back and try a different model. Say if they thought they could access Facebook, then during the trial realized the phone they have did not support web; it could be exchanged. Perhaps if camera was a big factor on deciding their phone, but when they take pictures they come out fuzzy and not clear; the 30-day trial gives them the freedom to change their mind. Once all these decisions have been made one must then choose his or her calling plan. When choosing a phone plan there are many factors to consider. How many minutes are very important. Chicago Tribune states â€Å"to figure how much talk time you will need, count the minutes you spend on your current phone in a typical month, then add 25 percent to 50 percent as a buffer to avoid hefty overage fees† (Choosing the right cell, 2007). Cell phone providers offer additional services for a set monthly cost. Without the correct information and consideration of what he or she may be using the phone for one could pay a per use fee for additional features he or she failed to have added. If text messaging is something that maybe used, it is far more cost effective to pay $15 per month; rather than $.20 per single text. With data there is also a pay per use charge of $.03 per kilobyte or a monthly data package ranging from $15 to $30. A data package is something that will be needed if one wants to use email, social networking, picture services, apps, and GPS navigation from the phone. Figure 2.A is a chart of some of the main things people are doing on their mobile phones. If the consumer plans to be using any of these features he or she would want to make sure they have the correct plan and features to avoid high bills.

Life’s Moral Character Essay -- Philosophy, Nicomachean Ethics

Life’s Moral Character Virtue is a state that decides consisting in a mean, which is relative to us; it is a mean between two vices, one of excess and one of deficiency. In the book, Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle uses his collection of lecture notes to establish the best way to live and acquire happiness. According to Aristotle, to live a happy life, you must obtain these to become morally good. Defining virtue and choice with the â€Å"doctrine of the mean† will guide our choices and build up moral character. When we follow this guide of choices can a series of good choices change a vicious character? Aristotle states that the human function is the life activity of the part of the soul that has reason and I will try to explain those reasons. This is the key part of Aristotle’s teachings, being able to take your pleasures and recognition and reflect and glean from them. The magnanimous person is very complex and displays the proper virtues at the proper time, in a proper way. This means you are genuinely inclined to act virtuously for the appropriate reasons. The great-souled man accommodates to his surroundings where he is honorable but not boastful in his actions. Aristotle argues the character of a person is acquired through habits an individual develops when he or she imitate his or her environment. He further believes it is only possible to attain happiness within a political organization because happiness represents living well without being concerned with others; they solely live for the truth and not approval. In Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle’s view of the great-souled man is of an individual that represents happiness and obtains the five virtues: wisdom, justice, bravery, self-control, and the overall goodness wit... ...tional elements of the person. Aristotle tries to explain what this harmony consists in by exploring the psychological foundations of moral character. A person is good if he has virtues and lacks vices. A series of good choices can change a vicious character if he becomes virtuous by performing virtuous acts. Aristotle says, "We become just by performing just acts, and temperate by performing temperate acts" (N.E.18-19). In order to perform virtuous acts virtuously â€Å"the agent also must be in a certain condition when he does them; in the first place he must have knowledge, secondly he must choose the acts, and choose them for their own sakes, and thirdly his actions must proceed from a firm and unchangeable character" (N.E.30-33). Teaching also provides knowledge of why certain acts are virtuous to people with the right habits, the well-brought-up (N.E. 2-17).

Act 3, Scene 4 (The Banquet Scene) Essay

Act 3, Scene 4 is a very important and effective scene and is a turning point for the rest of the play. Immediately before the scene was the murder of Banquo, one of Macbeths closest Conrad. And because of this relationship the two had, it makes it an evil and horrible murder as it was Macbeth who demanded it happened. It’s a new type of evil and Macbeths second and deepest step to evil yet. This scene is a build up to the one that follows, and creates dramatic tension as the audience asks will Macbeth find it hard to concede guilt and will there be any concience to the evil being that sometime we feel sorry for, Macbeth. The Banquet scene is a total contrast to the one before. Good order in the kingdom will be shown if the banquet goes well, Macbeths fait will also be crystal clear by the end and what his future will be, if any at all. This scene â€Å"symbolises the last supper† in which Jesus was betrayed by one of his disciples, â€Å"Judas.† It’s as if we now what’s about to happen. It’s the last time Macbeth will ever sit down with his allies and friends to share food in perfect harmony. Some questions are also brought up in this scene. How will the lords react to Macbeth as the unnatural king of Scotland? And will Macbeth be able to cope with his stained guilt. In the versions that I have seen on screen the banquet scene always seems to start with a sombre atmosphere and this atmosphere is tainted right from the start by the entrance of the murderers. â€Å"I am cabined, cribbed, confined, bound is To saucy doubts and fears†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Macbeth says. Even at the banquet that he has arranged he is surrounded by his evil sins. His guilt has become even harder to conceal. One of the murderers even has blood on his face. It’s ironic though because as the murderers entered Macbeth was trying to present himself as a leader in control. And even when Macbeth seems to have order established again something else happens, he can’t control the banquet so how can he control a country. Macbeth has become trapped and he is not sorry, in fact he’s self-pitying, â€Å"I had else been perfect† Macbeth’s fear is conveyed by the powerful rhythm of the poetry on lines 21 to 25. It very strong with one constant beat after another. To me it represents the beating of a heart, which is strong but dies with But Banquo’s safe† The Banquet must go on thought, Macbeth must attempt to create order, which he has already lost at his banquet and asks â€Å"Sit down in order of ranks† Tension is increases even more by Lady Macbeth calling Macbeth back to the banquet table. She’s trying to hide Macbeth’s strange behaviour but instead attracts more. â€Å"My royal lord, You do not give the cheer;† Not only is lady Macbeth breaking into his thoughts she also tries to bring him back to reality, reminding him of his public duties. Is a man who has private fear able to carry out public duties? The fears I talk about are those that were created from the very beginning with the witched prophecies. â€Å"All hail Macbeth, hail to thee, Thane of Glamis† â€Å"All hail Macbeth, hail to thee, Thane of Cawdor† â€Å"All hail Macbeth, that shalt be King here after† After this Macbeth’s world is turned up side down, as he will do anything to achieve the title, which were predicted. Some were given to him others he murdered for. Including his very first, Duncan, the authorisation of the murder of Banquo and later on the authorisation of the murder of Macduffs family. All these murders relate to the Banquet scene because all of his dangerous deeds especially the murder of his conrad Banquo, cause his later to hallucinate the ghost of Banquo. These hallucinations make the hole of Scotland believe he is insane and unable to rule the hole of the land. Shakespeare creates a cue for the first appearance of Banquo’s ghost, this cue is when Macbeths lies and pretends he doesn’t now of the murder of Banquo. â€Å"Were the graced person of Banquo present Who may I rather challenge for unkindness Than pity for mischance† He’s summoning in a way for Banquo’s ghost to appear as he tries to hide the guilt of what he’s done. When the ghost does appear the dramatic device of an â€Å"empty† chair could be used. Every time the play is produced, the director has to decide weather to leave the chair â€Å"empty† or fill it with the deceased Banquo. Both have their advantages. An â€Å"empty† chair would of made Macbeth seem just as or even more insane than Shakespeare would of intended. It would also give the audience the same feeling as those at the banquet not quite knowing what he’s doing. The imaginations of the audience would be used a lot more if the chair were left â€Å"empty† which could be a good or a bad thing. Where as if the character were shown it would become very clear what was happening and exactly as the director feels it should be. It may become a slight farce though. In my opinion an empty chair give the best effect as it creates tension and if Macbeth is played well then portrays his madness in the way I believe Shakespeare intended it to be. When Macbeth sees the ghost of Banquo his behaviour changes, he starts act differently and seems to start behaving as if he was going insane. Lady Macbeth though only shows scorn towards her husband manner. â€Å"This is the very painting of your fear; This is the air drawn dagger which you said Led you to Duncan, O, These flaws and starts† She is looking down on him and reflects an important these in the play of how Macbeth and Lady Macbeth are being slowly torn apart and is slowly driving Lady Macbeth insane as well. It’s ironic because Macbeth goes from being manipulates by Lady Macbeth, an example being where he murders Duncan, â€Å"But screw your courage to the sticking place And we’ll not fail.† To where he is driving her mad with his behaviour. Another theme which, is echoed here is when Lady Macbeth questions Macbeth, â€Å"Are you a man† Throughout the play there is the theme of what it takes to be a man. â€Å"When you durst do it, then you were a man† is another example of it. This is in Act 1 scene 7 in which Lady Macbeth tells Macbeth is he murder’s Duncan then he will be a man. Here again she is controlling Macbeth. So why is Macbeth the only person to see the ghost of Banquo? I believe it’s because Macbeths the only one with lots of guilt and a dirty concience. I think that Macbeth is hallucinating. In Shakespearean times though many people would have believed in the existence of creatures such as ghosts, many more than those who do today. Those who do believe would possibly say that because Macbeth was the one who was behind the crime then Banquo came back to haunt him and no one else. Another theme in the play is unnatural disturbances in nature, this scene resurrects this theme. In Macbeth’s speech lines seventy-five to eighty-three he talks about how the raising of the dead is even stranger than a murder, how can an unnatural act of nature be even stranger than an unnatural act of a human being? From the very beginning we hear of these unnatural acts from the witches speeches. â€Å"If fair is foul then foul is fair† This quote is also very relevant when we think about how once Macbeth became a hero in Scotland due to him being a good warrior and his victorious killings. But now he’s killing not in battle but in cold blood. It’s cold-blooded murder. Back to the banquet though it’s essential we consider why every time Macbeth tries to pretend that there is nothing unnatural in his behaviour and tries to act like the true rightful king, the ghost appears. An example of this is, â€Å"I have a strange infirmity which is nothing To those that know me, come, love and health to all, Then I’ll sit down, give me some wine; fill full† Then the ghost of Banquo appears or is it Macbeth’s conscience, has his guilt and owns mind made him imagine the ghost. I believe that because Banquo was Macbeths closest Conrad, when he pretends nothings happened Banquo who is very angry and upset with Macbeth appears and makes his thoughts known. Also as he tries to act as the true and rightful king he becomes more nervous and his behaviour start to drop below the normal. That’s exactly it â€Å"he’s acting like the true and rightful king†, he isn’t, he killed to get to the throne and now he’s there he can’t live with himself. Shakespeare uses lots of devises to make the audience â€Å"see† what Macbeth is seeing. He uses metaphor paradoxes and outrageous descriptions. â€Å"Approach thou like the rugged Russian bear, The arm’d rhinoceros, or the Hyrcan tiger;† And, â€Å"The baby of a girl. Hence, horrible shadow! Unreal mockery, hence!† Are both fantastic examples of this. It draws the audience into the scene and makes them want to see what Macbeth is seeing, it makes the audience’s imaginations work and by Shakespeare using all of these wild metaphors its creates atmosphere and creates great imagery. It creates imagery of the ghost and also of Macbeth’s terror. There’s lots of strong angry metaphors and everything he says in this speech brings images to our minds. The theme of disturbances in nature is also mentioned as shown in my quotes above. When the Banquet is brought to the end it is brought to an end with great significance. Lady Macbeth gives in realising Macbeth has failed in trying to show order in the Kingdom. She says, â€Å"I pray you, speak not; he grows worse and worse; Question enrages him. At once, good night:† The banquet also ends in a total opposite way as it started, at the beginning Macbeths ask, â€Å"You know your own degrees; sit down: at first And last the hearty welcome.† Where as when asking everyone to leave Lady Macbeth demands, â€Å"Question enrages him. At once, good night: Stand not upon the order of your going, But go at once.† The end of the banquet and the chaos during shows us many things, one being that those who are deemed strong for doing something such as killing in battle are very week when running a country which they do not deserve. Another being that Regicide creates disorder in a kingdom. As soon as law and order is demolished havoc is created. A modern day example of this is in Iraq, where after the fall of their leader, however right or wrong it was people started looting, murdering and started kidnapping hostages. Macbeths speech line 122 to 126 bring out one of the themes of the play. â€Å"It will have blood; they say, blood will have blood:† This is a very important quote, it’s a paradox and is very similar to those of the witches at the beginning of the play. â€Å"When the battle’s lost and won† To put this into context it could be saying that Macbeth won the battle against the Norwegians and he won it for the King but as soon as he murdered he lost. Nature is once again brought up as it is through out not only this scene but the whole play. Macbeths asks, â€Å"By magot-pies and choughs and rooks brought forth The secret’st man of blood. What is the night?† A moral which could be taken away from this scene could be If you do an evil deed you will pay in extraordinary ways, in this case through starting to go crazy and see ghosts. A very important thing that we must pay attention to is how Macbeth couldn’t hide his conscience, and how can you? It’s some that with you all the time and that can’t escape you, it’s like a plague as the only thing you can do to demolish it is it correct it. There are also a lot of references to time, â€Å"The secret’st man of blood. What is the night?† â€Å"Almost at odds with morning, which is which.† It’s as if they’re both saying what does it matter, they’ve become so detached from the real world there even getting confused with times. To Macbeth time is an ordeal as his conscience plays on him. Life is long and painful. There is also lots of time referenced in act 5 scene 5, â€Å"There would have been a time for such a word. To-morrow, and to-morrow, and to-morrow, Creeps in this petty pace from day to day To the last syllable of recorded time, And all our yesterdays have lighted fools† Time means nothing to Macbeth. Macbeth’s final speech in this scene dramatises the change that has been taking place in his character since the murder of Duncan. Right from the witches’ prophecies he starts to change into the evil Macbeth we see nearer the end of the play. He goes from being a soldier loved by all to a dictator who keeps spies in all his nobleman’s homes. â€Å"There’s not a one of them but in his house I keep a servant feed† Is how we now this. This tells us he doesn’t trust anyone, he’s suspicious and is showing a sign of weakness. It’s like soviet Russia of the 1980’s or Nazi Germany from the 1940’s. He also says â€Å"†¦ I am in blood stepped in so far that should wade no more† This tells us that he’s got in so much trouble he can’t escape from what he has done, there’s no turning back and he can’t turn back the hand of time. Macbeth isn’t going to feel any pity, as he hasn’t changed from what he’s become. â€Å"We are yet but young in deed†. He feels that he has started his reign of terror and that he has a long time left. He hasn’t learnt a thing. This is a very dramatic line and one of the most important in this scene. Macbeth doesn’t see why he should make things better when he is already in very deep trouble with how he’s feeling and how his country is running. This is also a line where he concedes what he has done and has become and tells he has no control over him self. This realisation plays on Lady Macbeth and is a key factor in driving her insane. The whole scene drives her insane and during Act 5 Scene 1 she says, â€Å"†¦ I tell you yet again, Banquo’s buried; he cannot come out† She’s referring back to Act 3 Scene 4 and how much Macbeth’s behaviour and actions have affected her. Act 3 Scene 4 is a vital scene in the whole of the play. If it wasn’t for this scene, how would we start to see this play as a tragedy. With out this scene many things would not happen. Lady Macbeth would not of gone insane, yet another tragedy would not of happened. But most importantly Macbeth would have carried on behaving how he was. As an evil man not caring about how his people are being treated but only for his greed. The appearance of Banquo’s ghost at the banquet created sympathy for Macbeth as he gave in and realised what he had become.